Installing Hardwood Flooring Over OSB

An increasing number of homes and light commercial buildings have oriented strand board (OSB) subfloors. Builders choose OSB because it typically costs less than plywood, free of knots and voids, and can be used interchangeably in typical flooring applications where the panels have the correct span rating. It provides a flat, solid base for any floor covering and can aid in the creation of even, stable and long-lasting floor finishes. But, as with other wood substrates, proper moisture management is essential for a quality installation, especially in regards to hardwood flooring, and even when installing ¼″ underlayment under vinyl flooring. In the event the moisture differential between the OSB and hardwood is too great at the time of installation, problems can arise. OSB that has absorbed moisture on the jobsite shrinks as it dries, which can loosen around nails and staples that attach the hardwood flooring. This can result in squeaks and pops when occupants walk across the finished floor. Additionally, wet OSB under drier hardwood flooring can cause moisture to migrate into the hardwood and result in cupped flooring. If the hardwood flooring is installed with excess moisture, it can shrink and create gaps.
Managing Moisture To help ensure moisture content levels are appropriately balanced between the OSB substrate and hardwood flooring, it is crucial to acclimate the hardwood flooring to the interior environment and confirm that the OSB is adequately dry. The National Wood Flooring Association’s (NWFA) “Hardwood Flooring Installation Guidelines” provide details on both topics. Additionally, because wood species and flooring type (solid strip versus engineered) among other factors can affect a floor’s moisture tolerance, hardwood flooring manufacturers usually provide instructions for their specific products.
Hardwood acclimation; The NWFA recommends that hardwood flooring not be installed or even delivered to the jobsite until the building is enclosed and temperature and humidity conditions match those that will be present once the building is occupied. The hardwood should be allowed to adjust to the interior heated/air conditioned environment for at least five days before installation. Some manufacturers recommend even longer. Some exotic species of hardwood will take longer.

The NWFA or manufacturer-recommended acclimation periods provide baseline guidance. Of even greater importance is ensuring that the hardwood has reached its equilibrium moisture con-tent (the level at which it is no longer gaining or losing moisture) in accordance with the manu-facturer’s guidelines. There is no reliable way to eyeball this and there are no rules of thumb—using a good quality moisture meter is necessary (this author personally prefers digital pin meters that allow for selection of wood species). The NWFA recommends sampling the moisture in 40 individual boards for every 1,000 sq. ft. of flooring.
OSB subfloor moisture level;
A good starting point for ensuring an adequately dry subfloor is to ask the contractor about the floor’s history. When was the OSB installed? When was the building closed up and the HVAC equipment installed and running? When was the floor last exposed to rain and/or standing water? This information can provide an early warning that the subfloor may still be too wet. Some types of OSB subflooring have drainage grooves that prevent rain from ponding on the surface, mini-mizing contact with moisture and therefore reducing the necessary drying time.
As with the hardwood flooring, it is essential to check the OSB’s moisture content using a moisture meter. For instance, the subfloor may appear to be dry on the surface, but still have elevated moisture within the panels. The NWFA recommends testing wood subfloor moisture in at least 20 locations per 1,000 sq. ft., and averaging the results. Areas near exterior and plumbing walls are especially vital to check. Going beyond the NWFA guidelines, it is also worthwhile to test the moisture on both the top and bottom of the OSB panels and the bottoms of joists, especially over crawl spaces. In any instance, an abnormally high reading in one spot can indicate a trouble zone that needs attention beyond simply allowing the entire floor time to dry out. The NWFA considers a subfloor to be dry enough for hardwood installation when its moisture is 12 percent or less. Acceptable moisture differential; once the hardwood flooring is acclimated and the OSB substrate is adequately dry, the NWFA notes that the moisture difference between the two should not exceed: 4 percent for solid strip flooring less than 3″ wide and 2 percent for solid flooring 3″ or wider. Acclimation is not always a time factor. On wood subfloors, it is the difference in moisture between the subfloor and the hardwood.
For engineered hardwood flooring, check the manufacturer’s requirements since they may vary based on hardwood species, other material components, strip width and thickness.